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Volumes / Journal / 26 - 2015 / Seubers J., Trienen T.

A hand to the plough. A GIS-based cartographical analysis of changes in elevation due to terrain modification and erosion in the settlement area of ancient Crustumerium

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Fig. 1 – The location of Crustumerium in Central Italy with contemporary Iron Age settlements.

Fig. 1 – The location of Crustumerium in Central Italy with contemporary Iron Ag...

Fig. 2 – Excavation of the Monte Del Bufalo burial ground showing evidence for plough erosion and the thin layer of top soil. Rill and gulley erosion caused by heavy rainfall in the winter of 2013 and 2011, in GIA survey areas to the N-W (A) and S (B) of Crustumerium respectively.

Fig. 2 – Excavation of the Monte Del Bufalo burial ground showing evidence for p...

Fig. 3 – Photograph of tomb 253 on the Monte Del Bufalo cemetery before and after excavation (bottom left). The tomb has nearly disappeared due to decades of repeated ploughing, indicating that all archaeology and geology at several meters from the original surface may have been destroyed.

Fig. 3 – Photograph of tomb 253 on the Monte Del Bufalo cemetery before and afte...

Fig. 4 – Overview of the three cartographical sources used in the analysis (see Table 1), compiled from sources of the Istituto Geografico Militare, Università di Roma “La Sapienza” and Sistema Informativo Territoriale Archeologico di Roma.

Fig. 4 – Overview of the three cartographical sources used in the analysis (see ...

Fig. 5 – The digital elevation models acquired from the three topographical maps used in the analysis.

Fig. 5 – The digital elevation models acquired from the three topographical maps...

Fig. 6 – The differential digital elevation model acquired from the comparison of elevation data of 1904 and 1961.

Fig. 6 – The differential digital elevation model acquired from the comparison o...

Fig. 7 – A comparison of the elevation values along the trajectory of the Via della Marcigliana in the pre-bonifica landscape of 1904 and the modern landscape of 2002.

Fig. 7 – A comparison of the elevation values along the trajectory of the Via de...

Fig. 8 – The differential digital elevation model acquired from the comparison of elevation data of 1961 and 2002.

Fig. 8 – The differential digital elevation model acquired from the comparison o...

Fig. 9 – The areas of soil loss recorded between 1904 and 1961 in association with recorded (ceramic) surface find densities (map by authors with additional data from Amoroso 2002, fig. 5).

Fig. 9 – The areas of soil loss recorded between 1904 and 1961 in association wi...

Fig. 10 – Geomagnetic prospections at Crustumerium reveal anomalies in the subsurface that are spatially related to areas of soil loss and surface find accumulation (adapted from Attema et al. 2014, fig. 9).

Fig. 10 – Geomagnetic prospections at Crustumerium reveal anomalies in the subsu...

Seubers J., Trienen T. 2015, A hand to the plough. A GIS-based cartographical analysis of changes in elevation due to terrain modification and erosion in the settlement area of ancient Crustumerium, Archeologia e Calcolatori 26